Birth of Tajweed Science
When Muhammad - peace be upon him - was sent, the Arabs at that period were a nation of eloquence, eloquence, poetry and literature, concerned with the refining and improvement of speech; They understood the Qur’an and recited it in glorification as it was revealed to Muhammad, peace be upon him, and when the area of the Islamic state expanded, and many non-Arabs entered Islam, they needed to speak the Arabic language; To learn Islam, and to learn to read the Qur’an, which was revealed in the Arabic language, and due to the weakness of the language of the new Muslims from among the non-Arabs, the tongues differed and changed because of that, and as a result of that error, melody and weakness appeared in the reading and recitation of the Book of God Almighty, and the people of the language had to rise to support and protect the Book of God, and be attentive The people of the language and the people of the Qur’an point to the need to set correct rules that show and clarify the correct way to read and recite the Book of God Almighty, and the rulings that must be adopted and adhered to.
Teaching non-Arab Muslims the correct way to recite the Noble Qur’an as it was revealed to the Noble Messenger according to the provisions of intonation is an excellent necessity so that the Muslim, after his correct reading, knows the meanings of the verses and their implications, their significance, their indications, and their clear goals, and the precise rhetorical meanings in the verses, and this was called this The science related to knowing the rules and rules and explaining how to recite the Noble Qur’an with the knowledge of the rules of intonation, and the first appearance of the science of intonation as an independent science with issues and limits was in the fourth century AH.
Definition of Tajweed
Tajweed is a language: a source of goodness that makes good, and the meaning of serious is good, so it is said that he is generous, and he is good in quality, so he is good, that is, good, and it is said that a man is good and is good, that is, good.
Definition of Tajweed idiomatically: It is the science that deals with and researches the ways of pronouncing the letters and takes care of the pronunciation of letters from their exits, taking into account their characteristics and the provisions that are presented to the letters of the Arabic language, and related to them at the endowment, initiation, connection, and cutting.
The aim and goal of the science of intonation are to reach the finest and best levels of mastery of reciting the Holy Qur’an with the most accurate performance possible, taking into account the aesthetics of the personal letters when pronouncing them, and avoiding melody and error in reciting the Holy Qur’an.
Types of Tajweed Rulings
The provisions of intonation are diverse and numerous, including the provisions of the silent nun and the Tanween, and the provisions of the silent meme, including the provisions of Tariq and magnification, and the provisions of al-Madood, seeking refuge and basmalah, and other detailed provisions branching from these main provisions.
Given a large number of intonation rulings, and the complexity of their details and ramifications, it is sufficient to mention the types of intonation rulings in general and not in detail, as follows:
Initiation provisions
The meaning of the initiation for the reciters is: to begin reciting and reciting the Qur’an after interrupting the recitation or stopping it; If the initiation takes place after interrupting the recitation, then the Qur’an reciter must begin by seeking refuge with Allah, and then after seeking refuge with the basmalah, if the initiation occurs at the beginning of the surahs, and if the initiation occurs in the middle of it; The reader is given a choice between doing the basmalah or leaving it after seeking refuge.
But if the recitation takes place immediately after the endowment, the reciter does not seek refuge and does not begin to say goodbye. This is because, at that time, he is considered to be reciting and continuing the recitation. Still, the pause was to relax and then complete the recitation and recitation. Still, if he continued reciting until he reached the end of the surah and then wanted to move to the next surah, he began with the basmalah without seeking refuge.
The reciter of the Qur’an is asked at the beginning what is required of him at the time of the endowment, so the beginning of reciting the surahs and verses is only with words with whole meaning, the reader is not permitted to begin with the subject and leave the verb, and does not begin with the description leaving the described, and does not begin with the name of the sign without the indicated, and he has no right It begins with the predicate bypassing the subject, nor by the case without its owner, nor by the kindness upon it while leaving the benefactor, nor by the substitution devoid of the substitutable from it, nor by the added without the added, nor by the news of whether or not or their sisters while leaving their letters and names.
Noon and the provisions of the static Tanween
What is meant by the provisions of the nun sani and Tanween: to build a rule of the rules of intonation when the convergence of the nun sani or Tanween with one of the letters of the Arabic language, and the Tanween is: a static nun; That is why the nun saakinah and Tanween are combined in the ruling, and the nun saakinah and Tanween have four rulings, which are: Azhar, and its letters hamza, ha, eye, ha, ghain, and kha, which is the first letter of each word in their saying (Brother, here is a note that is not lost).
Al-Ingham is divided into two parts with Ghonna, and its letters are grouped with the word (Yanmou), and without Ghonnna, and its letters LAM, R’a, and Iqlab.
Provisions of the static meme
The static meme has special rulings, it is only one meme, single and not repeated, and it has several rulings related to it as follows:
Oral assimilation:
Oral assimilation is achieved by the consonant meme coming at the end of the first word and the beginning of the word after it is a moving meme, so they are merged to become one stressed meme.
Oral concealment: Oral concealment is achieved by the consonant meme coming at the end of the first word and a vowel at the beginning of the next word, so the intonation rule, in this case, is oral concealment.
Oral manifestation: The consonant meem comes at the end of the first word. The first letter in the word immediately after it comes from one of the letters of the Arabic language, except for the letters meim and baa. Because their exit is close to the exit of the static meem.[8]
letter exits
Science of makhrij al-harf is one of the sciences related to intonation and even branches off from the science of intonation, which is fundamental science. This is due to its connection to the pronunciation and the correct pronunciation of the letters in which the Noble Qur’an was revealed, as well as the complexity of the science of letters’ exits and its many details.
And exits linguistically: plural exit; And the makhraj is a name for the place and the position of the letter’s exit, and the makhraj of the letters idiomatically: it is the place of the letter’s emergence, its pronunciation, and its appearance in words, and it is the place where the sound of the letter is interrupted, and the letters: the plural of a letter and the letter in the language is the end of something.
As for the letter idiomatically: it is a sound that depends on the corrected exit, or assessed exit, and the confirmed exit: it is the exit that depends on a specific part of the throat, tongue, or lips, as for the assessed exit: it is the air in the throat and mouth, which is the exit for the three long letters [9]
And the letters’ exits are seventeen, and they are: the hollow and its exit is one, the throat has three exits: extreme, middle, and lowest, and the tongue has five exits: the outermost, two ends, and two edges of the tongue, the lips have one exit, and the ends of the folds and their exits are three.
And the exits of letters include available exits, and some of them are special, so the exits of the general letters are the ones that include more than one exit, and the special ones are the exits that include only one exit. [9]
Provisions of moddod general definition of modood
Al-Masood in language:
Is the stretch, or length and increase, and the idiomatically: is the lengthening of the sound when pronouncing the letter “made” because of the hammock, or the sukoon, and the amount of the extension is either two movements or four movements, or six movements, depending on the type of tide. The movement: is that period required to pronounce the letter of the tide, whether it is moving with a crack, a damma, or a kasra. The letter alif is an extension of the fatha, it is like two successive fathas, and the letter waw is an extension of the damma. The letter yaa is an extension of the kasrah. The two movements in the madd are estimated by the letter alif, the four movements are estimated by two thousand, and three alifs estimate the six movements.
Tajweed sections
The tide is of two main types: the natural and the secondary sides. As for the natural side, the thousand tidal comes, and the one before it comes open, for example, the duha.
And the broken static yaa is what is before it, for example, fi, and waw is tidal, and what is before it is combined, for example, they said. The natural tide is the tide in which the same letter does not exist without its presence and does not depend on a cause, neither a hazmat nor a sukoon, and extends the natural tide by two movements.
As for the secondary side, it is the tide that depends on a cause, and one of its causes is the hum or sukoon; the tide is divided according to the cause into several sections as follows:
The necessary extension includes the intransitive extension of a heavy word, a dilute word, a heavy literal, and a reduced literal.
- Continuous duty tide.
- Separate permissible tide.
- Extension of compensation.
- Allowance extension.
- Extend the relationship.
- Lean extension.
- The legal ruling on tajweed
- The science of tajweed is divided into two parts:
Theoretical section of Tajweed:
It is the knowledge of the provisions of science of intonation and its rules, studying them, memorizing them, and understanding them as a theoretical study. The ruling on learning the rules of intonation theoretically is an obligation of sufficiency, and if some Muslims perform it, the assignment falls from the rest of them.
The practical section of Tajweed: It is the practical and applied section related to the application of the rules of intonation and the application of its theoretical provisions in a practical application when reciting the Noble Qur’an. The legal ruling of the applied section is obligatory for every Muslim male and female to apply everything he knows and master when reciting the Quran.
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